灌溉条件下农牧交错带作物产量影响因子分析——以盐池县皖记沟村为例

ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING CROP YIELD UNDER IRRIGATION IN FRAMING-GRAZING TRANSITIONAL ZONES——A CASE OF WANJIGOU VILLAGE,YANCHI COUNTY

[目的]农牧交错带的农业生态经济发展长期处于"旱、薄、粗、单、低、穷"状态。灌溉农业因其高产特征为解决低盖度草场及禁牧造成的饲草料短缺问题提供途径。探究水源开发条件下作物产量的影响因素以及确定有效用水量以最大限度利用水资源是协调农牧交错带生产稳定发展与生态矛盾的关键途径之一。[方法]利用参与式农村评估对盐池县皖记沟村下辖5个自然村进行灌溉农业相关调查,结合LSD、T检验以及回归分析等方法分析数据。[结果]现有滴灌条件下,研究村域内作物产量由气候条件主导,各自然村玉米单位面积产量在1 200~12 750(kg/hm^2)之间大幅波动;不同土质及农艺差异会导致各自然村之间产量的差异;当节水灌溉的灌溉定额在2 245.5~6 888m^3/hm^2时,节水灌溉既有效也具有很好的产出效益;从地下水年补给量供给平衡而言,研究区内不适宜大范围发展灌溉农业。[结论]气候及土质等因素共同影响农牧交错带灌溉作物产量,同时灌溉农业应合理布局以实现作物最大产出以及水资源高效可持续利用。

Farming - grazing transitional zone is a typical ecological fragile area. The economic growth had to rely on the combination of farming and animal husbandry due to the unique environment. Currently, low coverage grass- land and grazing policies cause the shortage of fodder which affected the normal development of animal husbandry. In farming -grazing transitional zone, water resource is an important factor affecting agricultural development and determining the layout of agriculture. Therefore, it is important to explore the influencing factors affecting the distri- bution of yield in different regions under irrigation and analyze how to use water effectively, so as to solve the con- tradiction between the development and the ecological protection. The method of participatory rural appraisal was used to collect data of irrigation agriculture and the LSD, T test and regression analysis were used to analyze the da- ta. The results showed that, firstly, the crop yield in the study area was determined by climate condition. The maize yield in each natural village fluctuated between 1200 - 12750 （ kg/hm2 ）. Secondly, different soil and agro- nomic differences led to the different yield levels. Thirdly, when the irrigation quota was 2245.5 - 6888 （ m3/ hm2）, the water saving irrigation was effective and had very good output benefit. By evaluating the capacity of groundwater support using the water balance method, it was not suitable for large - scale development of irrigation agriculture in the study area. It concluded that the planting area should be planned reasonably based on scientific investigation, so as to ensure maximum harvest and high efficient utilization of water resources.