职业培训发展的省际差异、关联因素及对策建议——基于2014年中国教育统计年鉴数据分析

Countermeasures,Relevant Factors and Inter-provincial Differences of the Vocational Training Development in China——Based on the Data Analysis of 2014 China Education Statistics Yearbook

选取《中国教育统计年鉴》2014年职业培训机构数量、结业生数量、专任教师数量、固定资产总值4项指标,建立了职业培训发展综合指数,对区域社会经济发展指标实施了灰色关联分析。结果表明,我国内陆30个省份(市、自治区)职业培训存在极不平衡现象,10项社会经济发展指标与职业培训发展系数的灰色关联度从高到低依次为:人均财政收入、第三产业产值、就业人员中高中及以上人口数量、人均GDP、城镇居民可支配收入、农村居民可支配收入、城镇人口比、财政性教育经费占财政总支出的比重、第二产业产值、第一产业产值。促进我国职业培训均衡发展,需要实施中央财政转移支付政策,推进地方经济特别是第三产业发展,普及高中阶段免费教育,提高城乡居民收入水平,加速新型城镇化进程。

Based on the data of four indicators in China Education Statistical Yearbook （2014）, that is the number of vocational training institutions, the number of graduates, the number of full-time teachers and the total value of fixed assets, the composite index of the vocational training development has been built. The enormous differences of present vocational training development in 30 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） have been found through analysis. The grey degrees of correlative between composite index of the vocational training development and the 10 indicators of social and economic development are calculated. The indicators from highest to lowest are per capita income, per capita output value of three industries, the proportion of high school graduates and above, per capita GDP, disposable income of urban residents, urban population ratio, the proportion of education expenditure in total fiscal expenditure, the second industrial output, and the primary industrial output. To ensure the balanced vocational training development of China, the policy of financial transfer payment of central government is necessary. The regional economy, especially tertiary industry development should be promoted in these provinces, where vocational training development is relatively weaker than others. Making high school free education universal, improving per capita income in urban and rural areas and accelerating the new-type urbanization process are also necessary in these provinces.