话语交际中的信息传输与信息不对称

Information Transmission and Information Asymmetricality in Conversational Communication

通过对不同交际模式中信息传输的分析可以发现,信息不对称的成因是多方面的,而语境的影响是其关键成因。语言学家尤其是语用学家们通过对话语交际的研究,发展了一系列的语用理论,利用"语境干涉"的正面影响对这种信息不对称进行"匡正",即既对话语交际中解码信息的不足进行补失,又对解码信息中产生的信息冗余进行限制或裁减;其目的不外乎在于保证话语交际的顺利进行,保证交际中信息的有效传输。Grice的合作原则如此,Sperber和Wilson的关联论如此,Jef verschueren的顺应理论亦复如此。

It is believed by the author that there are various causes to this phenomenon, among which ＂contextual interference＂ is the most important one. Pragmatic theories developed by linguists are to guarantee a smooth process of the conversation in that they make it possible the information encoded and decoded somewhat symmetrical to each other by applying the positive contextual interference. As the author consider it, it is equally important to study the negative influence of the contextual interference.