原型范畴理论视域下文化语义缺省现象研究——以英汉词汇为例

The Study of Cultural Default from the Aspect of Prototype Theory——A Case Study of English and Chinese Vocabulary

英汉语言中存在大量具有丰富文化语义的词汇,对这些词汇不同的范畴划分,导致英汉词汇文化语义缺省现象。语义的文化内涵取决于语言使用者所生活的客观世界、社交世界和心理认知世界的综合影响,物质世界确定了语言符号的形式及其外延,社交世界融合了词语的文化内涵,心理世界决定了词语的概念框架。外语学习者借助三个世界对词汇进行对比分析,可以准确把握语义的文化内涵,解决文化缺省,进而实现理想的跨文化交际。

In both English and Chinese there exist a huge number of words of diverse cultural implications, the division of which causes cultural default. The cultural implications of words are physically, socially and psychologically determined by the contexts where they appear. The physical one determines the forms and denotations of the words; the social one for the cultural implication, and the psychological one for the conceptual framework of words. The adequate comprehension of the three factors would help foreign- ers to make accurate comparison and contrast between the two languages for the sake of precise meanings as well as smooth cross - cul- tural communication.