新型政商关系、企业政治战略与竞争优势

The Research on the Scientific Formulation of Corporate Political Strategy

近年来,学界已经认识到企业政治战略对企业竞争优势的重要性,同时又面临新型政商关系下科学有效地制定政治战略的挑战。文章立足于战略管理理论并结合中国情境,采用"战略动因—战略导向—战略类型—战略结果"的逻辑路径构建企业政治战略。战略动因构成了政治战略的出发点,战略导向反映了政治战略的取向,战略类型体现了政治战略的举措,战略结果反馈了战略的有效性。战略动因是为了创造价值或者维持价值。战略导向既可能影响政治环境,也可能遵从现有的政治环境。四种经典的战略类型分别是防御型战略、反应型战略、预期型战略和前瞻型战略,在中国情境下都有具体的应用变化。战略结果体现为对于竞争优势的不同影响受到多种因素制约。

The existing literature recognizes the important role of corporate political strategy in the competitive advantage of enterprises, but faces the challenge of how to develop the political strategy scientifically and effectively under the new political and business relationship. Based on the strategic management theory and the Chinese situation, this paper uses the logical path of ＂strategic motivation-strategic orientation-strategic type-strategic result＂ to describe the corporate political strategy. Strategic motivation is the starting point of political strategy, strategic orientation reflects the orientation of political strategy, strategic type reflects the measures of political strategy, strategic results feedback the effectiveness of the strategy. Strategic motivation is to create value or to maintain value.Strategic orientation can be either a political environment or a political one. The four classic types of strategy are defensive strategy,reactive strategy, anticipatory strategy and proactive strategy, and have specific application changes in Chinese context. The results of the strategy are embodied in the different influences on the competitive advantage and are constrained by many factors.