儿童违反合作原则的语用探析——以《爸爸去哪儿第一季》为例

Research on Children's Violation of Cooperative Principle from the Perspective of Pragmatics

语用能力对说话者能否运用得体的语言进行顺利交际起着关键的作用。儿童在3岁以后,语言表达能力和理解能力快速发展,可以用复杂的句子按照语用规则得体、有效地进行交际。学龄前儿童语言能力、社会常识不足,以自我为中心,在言语交际中会无意识地违反会话中的合作原则,无法顺利地进行交流。教师要给幼儿提供真实而丰富的语用情境,提供宽松的语言环境,鼓励孩子多交流、互动,让孩子在交往的过程中不断提高语用能力。

Pragmatic Competence plays a key role in whether a speaker can use appropriate words to engage in communication successfully. After kids turn 3 years old,their competence in expressing and understanding language develops quickly. They can use complex sentences to communicate appropriately and effectively in accordance with pragmatic rules. Due to lack of linguistic competence and general language as well as self-centeredness,pre-school children tend to violate cooperative principle unconsciously in verbal communication,which results in unsuccessful communication. Teachers should provide children with true and rich pragmatic situations and a comfortable linguistic environment for them to continuously enhance their pragmatic competence in the course of verbal communication.