美国弱势儿童补偿教育的组织实施与成效评价

The Organization and Implementation of Compensatory Education for Disadvantaged Children and Its Effectiveness in the US

弱势儿童补偿教育是美国促进教育公平与社会公正的重要举措,历经近60年的探索,如今已形成了比较成熟的组织运行体系:补偿教育立法更加完善,补偿教育目标实现了从关注投入到关注结果的转向,补偿教育类型更加多样且更具针对性,补偿教育路径进一步拓宽。但由于定位不同,当前对弱势儿童补偿教育成效的评价中依然存在两大阵营。

Compensatory education for disadvantaged children is an important measure in the US to improve education fairness and social justice. In the past sixty years,a series of mature mechanisms have been developed. The laws and legislations of compensatory education becomes more scientific and comprehensive,the focus of compensatory education shift from process to result,the types become more concise and to the point,the paths are more broaden. However,due to different positioning,the evaluation of compensatory education effectiveness is discrepancy and has form two camps.