摘要
强制争端解决是《联合国海洋法公约》（以下简称飞公约炉）的一大创举。要确保强制争端解决的有效性，就需要规定相关的前提条件和限制，以消除部分国家的顾虑和干扰。从选择受理案件的司法机构到对敏感事项的权限限制等一系列问题，都要求各国必须做出众多妥协，这就导致《公约》第十五部分的措词非常复杂，有时还有些晦涩。第十五部分第一节规定了采取有拘束力的争端解决方法的前提条件，第二节则对这种解决方法作出了具体规定。在过去15年中，很多争端都提交了仲裁或司法程序，这有利于明确和巩固《公约》第十五部分制定的规则。因此，《公约》的争端解决机制更有效地促进了“海洋宪章”实体规则的普遍适用。
Ensuring the effectiveness of compulsory dispute settlement, which was one of the major innovations of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （hereinafter ＂UNCLOS＂）, required to provide preconditions and limitations in order to meet States fears and preventions. A number of compromises had to be found going from the choice of the competent adjudicating body to the limitations of competence concerning sensitive matters. Such concerns result in the rather complicated and sometimes obscure wording of Part XV of the UNCLOS with a first section providing the preconditions to the means entailing binding effects imposed in the second section. The numerous disputes submitted to arbitration or to judicial settlement during the last fifteen years contributed to the clarification and strengthening of the rules of Part XV of the UNCLOS. Thus the dispute settlement system of the UNCLOS contributes more efficiently to the general application of the substantive rules of the so-called ＂Constitution of the Oceans＂.
