善意原则视角下的中菲南海仲裁案

Sino-Philippine Arbitration on South China Sea Disputes： A Perspective from the Principle of Good Faith

文章以善意原则这一抽象的国际法基本原则为视角，分析南海仲裁案中菲律宾和仲裁庭之行为。第一部分研究善意原则在海洋划界背景下所具有的内涵。一方面，海洋划界争端的当事国受到善意原则的规制，特别以善意协商为代表，包括积极开展协商、充分进行协商和持续欢迎协商等；另一方面，善意原则也指引着争端解决机构作出真正合法合理的裁决。具体到仲裁案中，第二部分将菲律宾在仲裁过程中的行动与善意原则蕴含的主要要求相对应，指出菲方在种种方面对善意原则的违背。第三部分阐述仲裁庭作为争端解决机构，在审理过程中展示的做法，表明其判决也绝非善意之裁决。最后，文章以菲律宾和仲裁庭反以善意原则评判中国的行为，总结两者诚信的缺失，是对这一国际法一般原则的根本破坏。

This paper, from the perspective of the principle of good faith, an abstract and basic principle on international law, examines the deeds of both the Philippines and the Tribunal in the Arbitration on South China Sea Disputes. The first section explores the connotations of the principle in the context of maritime delimitation. On the one hand, the parties to a maritime delimitation dispute are governed by this principle. For example, the parties are obligated to negotiate in good faith, including to actively enter into negotiations, conduct sufficient talks and keep welcoming negotiations. On the other hand, the principle also requires dispute settlement bodies to make their decisions in a legal and reasonable manner. The second section identifies the Philippines＇ violation of the good faith principle in multiple aspects, by checking its actions taken during the course of the proceedings against the primary requirements of the principle. The third section showcases the absence of good faith in the Arbitral Tribunal＇s award, by presenting the behaviors of the Tribunal, as a dispute settlement body, during its review of the case. Lastly, the paper mentions that the Philippines and the Tribunal even check China＇s behaviors against the principle of good faith. And the paper concludes that the lack of honesty and integrity of both the Philippines and the Tribunal causes fundamental detriment to this general principle of international law.