南海仲裁案中菲律宾主张“单岛定性”问题探析

An Analysis on the Determination of the Nature of Some Islands Individually as Requested by the Philippines in the South China Sea Arbitration

在南海岛礁争端中，菲律宾是侵占中国南海岛礁较多的国家，其一直声称对中国南海的部分岛礁拥有主权，菲律宾为了谋求本国在南海的利益，一方面就南海部分岛礁单方面提起仲裁，主张中国的“断续线”违反《联合国海洋法公约》，要求就其海洋权利做出裁定，把中国南海诸岛的主权和海洋权利割裂开来；另一方面，菲律宾企图将中国南海的部分岛礁进行“单岛定性”，尤其是对处于中国实际控制的岛礁进行定性，通过“矮化”中国相关岛屿的性质，以达到损害中国海洋权益的目的。针对菲律宾将中国南海诸岛进行碎片化处理的恶意企图，中国应尽快在南海地区构建远洋群岛制度，从而更好地维护中国的岛屿主权与海洋叔樯。

In the disputes over the islands and reefs in the South China Sea （SCS）, the Philippines is a State having occupied many features in the SCS. It alleged that it had sovereignty over some features of China＇s SCS Islands. In order to seek its interests in the SCS, the Philippines, on the one hand, unilaterally initiated an arbitration against China with respect to some features, contending that the ＂dashed line＂ of China was contrary to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and therefore requested the Arbitral Tribunal to adjudicate on its maritime entitlements. By doing so, it attempted to cut off the natural link between the sovereignty and maritime entitlements of China＇s SCS Islands. On the other hand, the Philippines attempted to define the nature of some islands in the SCS individually, especially those controlled actually by China. The Philippines, through degrading some of China＇s islands into rocks or low-tide elevations, aimed to undermine China＇s maritime entitlements in the SCS. With respect to the Philippines＇ malicious intent to fragmentize China＇s SCS Islands, China should, with the least possible delay, establish a mid-ocean archipelago regime in the SCS region, so as to better protect China＇s sovereignty over its islands and the pertinent maritime rights and interests.