陆九渊的“易简”教学法及其历史意义

LU Jiuyuan's Yi-Jian and its Historical Implications

通过对《陆九渊集》的分析讨论,可从学理层面上厘清陆九渊"易简"教学法的理论依据。结合对发明本心、优游读书与六经注我诸命题的阐释,可揭示"易简"教学法的涵义:强调随机启悟,教导受教育者自己向内心去体认"本心",以端正做人的动机,从而认知外在的道德规范而有所得;要求教育者主动宣讲教化,论事析理,以情动人,鞭策鼓励受教育者明辨义利,立定志向。在读书理论上,陆九渊主张平淡简易、优游厌饫;在治学立场上陆九渊则主张学者应善于利用儒家经书里的思想智慧,以张扬自己当下的生命意义。"易简"教学法是陆九渊心学教育区别于朱熹理学教育的一大标识,对中国教育史上宋明心学教育学派的产生具有开创意义。

Yi-Jian( simplicity) is a teaching method developed by mind educator LU Jiuyuan in the Song Dynasty. This meaningful and unique style of teaching method was a pioneer in mind education during the time of Song and Ming Dynasty.Based on the analysis of the collections of LU Jiuyuan's Works,this article aims to clarify the rationales of Yi-Jian and reveal its connotations through the interpretation of such propositions as developing one's original mind,reading for moral cultivation and the Six Classics annotating me. Then it points out the historical implications of the teaching method of Yi-Jian. The author argues that the idea that the heart is the reason is the ontological basis of Yi-Jian. Developing one's original mind refers to moral education,while reading for moral cultivation and the Six Classics annotating me refers to is knowledge. Yi-Jian was closely related to these propositions. Yi-Jian focused on stimulating and cultivating non-intellectual factors such as motivation,emotion,will and so on,especially the use of sudden enlightenment in teaching. It emphasized the cultivation of moral cognition and judgment through intuitive thinking,so it has great positive effect on moral development. Unlike the school of ZHU Xi's Neo-Confucianism education,Yi-Jian is one of the outstanding aspects of LU Jiuyuan's Mind Theory.Based on the detailed discussion of the connotation of Yi-Jian,this paper concludes that many Confucian scholars in the Ming Dynasty such as WU Yubi,CHEN Xianzhang,WANG Yangming and ZHAN Ruoshui inherited and developed LU Jiuyuan's teaching method of Yi-Jian to varying degrees.