北京市城区老年人生活方式疾病相关保健行为的现状调查

A Healthy Behaviors Surveillance about Preventing and Controlling Lifestyle Disease on Beijing Urban Elder People

目的了解北京市城区老年人生活方式疾病相关保健行为的现状及影响因素,为开展老年保健服务提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,首先在北京市8个城近郊区内选取能代表本区特点的街道2～3个,然后再在所选街道中分别选取1个人口、经济、文化等具有中等水平的居委会,对所选居委会中所有60岁及以上的老年人进行调查。结果北京市城区老年人高血压、冠心病、肥胖、高脂血症、糖尿病、慢性支气管炎、脑卒中、心肌梗死、肺心病和恶性肿瘤等10种主要生活方式疾病的总患病率为60.8%。老年人不吸烟、不饮酒、低脂饮食、少烟熏食品、少内脏食品、经常参加体育锻炼、及时就医等与防治生活方式疾病有关的保健行为的形成率较高,均在70%以上;但吸烟者戒烟、饮酒者限酒、采用低盐饮食和年内进行体检等保健行为的形成率仍维持在较低水平,仅为9.6%～39.1%。生活方式疾病患者多数保健行为的形成率明显高于非生活方式疾病患者。结论城区老年人防治生活方式疾病相关的保健行为较好,但这些行为多是在病后形成的。

Objective To understand the situation about healthy behaviors for preventing and controlling lifestyle diseases on Beijing urban elder people.Methods The cluster sampling method was adopted in this study.At first 23 sub- districts that they can reflect their districts on population education and economy respectively were selected from Beijing 8 mu- nicipal urban districts,and then one community was picked from the selected sub-districts,and all above 60 years elder peo- ple were investigated.Results The 10 key lifestyle diseases prevalence'of Beijing urban elder people is 60.8%,and these lif- estyle diseases included hypertension,coronary heart disease,high obesity,diabetes mellitus,stroke,COPD and cancer. The most rotes of urban elder healthy behaviors are,from 73.6% to 95.1%.Compared with the non-patient group,the most healthy behaviors rates are high significantly in the lifestyle disease patient group.Conclusion Most of the urban elder people have formed the healthy behavior habit for preventing and controlling lifestyle disease,but most of these habits are formed after the disease.