硝酸三氮烷胺高能离子液体的合成及性能研究

Study on synthesis and performance of 2,2-dialkyltriazanium nitrate high energy ionic liquid

以偏二甲肼为原料,经季铵化及复分解反应得到一种高能离子液体硝酸三氮烷胺,其结构组成经质谱和元素分析进行表征,采用差热–热重分析(DSC–TGA)研究了化合物的热稳定性,通过吉布斯最小自由能对其理论比冲进行了计算,并建立了该产物纯度的分析方法。结果表明:该化合物对高温比较敏感,热分解温度为146℃;用四氧化二氮为作氧化剂时,硝酸三氮烷胺/四氧化二氮的比冲性能优于偏二甲肼/四氧化二氮;所建立的该高能离子液体化合物的纯度分析方法准确可靠,有利于有效控制产品质量。

A high energy ionic liquid 2,2-dialkyltriazanium nitrate was obtained via quaterisation and metatheti- cal reaction using unsymmetric dimethyl hydrazine as raw material. Its structure and composition were characterized by using mass spectrum and elemental analysis. Its thermal stability was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis （DSC-TGA）. Its theoretical specific impulse was calculated by using Gibbs minimum free energy, and analysis method of product purity was established. The results show that this compound is sensitive to high temperature, its thermal decomposition temperature is 146 ℃. Using dinitrogen tetroxide as oxidizer, the specific impulse performance of 2,2-dialkyltriazanium nitrate/dinitrogen tetroxide is superior to that of unsymmet- ric dimethyl hydrazine/dinitrogen tetroxide. The established purity analysis method for this high energy ionic liquid compound is accurate and reliable, and it is beneficial for effectively controlling product quality.