校园中的“文化”与“身体”:民国时期大学的“拖尸”研究

The Culture and Body in University Campus:the Study on TOSS in Universities during the Period of Republic of China

民国时期,清华和燕京等大学校园中流行一种称作"拖尸"的活动。该项活动以新生为对象,分入学"拖尸"和月夜"拖尸"两种,其目的是警示新生,维持校风校纪。"拖尸"过程中拖尸者与被拖者有不同的身体感受,且随着时间变迁而变化。对该项活动,当时校内外褒贬不一。随着时间的推移和新生的抵制,学校当局和教育部开始干预,拖尸活动逐步被终止。作为有美国文化背景的清华和燕京等大学校园活动,"拖尸"适应和推动了清华、燕京的校园文化建设;在某种程度上促进了国家危亡压力下大学生的身体释放;同时也反映了中国大学在移植西方大学文化过程中的复杂性;"拖尸"强调的个性化在学生身体国家化的催动下逐渐消亡。

During the period of Republic of China,there was a popular activity called＂TOSS＂in Tsinghua University and Yanjing University. This activity was aimed at freshmen. It divided into entrance TOSS and moonlight TOSS. The purpose was to alert freshmen and to maintain the school spirit. In the process of TOSS, the different body had different physical feelings and it changed as time changed. For this activity,the public opinions both inside and outside university mixed at that time. As time went on and university freshmen’s resistance,university authorities and the Ministry of Education began to intervene,the activity gradually terminated. As an activity in university campus, which had a profound cultural background of America,TOSS adapted and promoted the construction of campus culture of Tsinghua university and Yanjing university. To some extent,it promoted college students’ physical release under the pressure of the national crisis.At the same time,it also reflected the complexity of Chinese universities in the process of transplanting the Western university culture. TOSS,which emphasized personalization,gradually disappeared in the process of the nationalization of students’ bodies.