磷酸奥司他韦治疗儿童甲型H1N1流感的有效性和安全性分析

Efficacy and safety of oseltamivir treatment in children with influenza HIN1

目的 分析磷酸奥司他韦治疗儿童甲型H1N1流感的有效性和安全性. 方法 收集2009年3月至2016年3月因甲型H1N1流感在首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院住院并使用磷酸奥司他韦治疗患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析.根据年龄将患者分为儿童组（年龄≤14岁）和成年组（年龄18~60岁）,比较2组患者发热持续时间、住院时间、治疗有效率及不良反应发生情况. 结果纳入分析的患者共349例.儿童组159例,男性87例,女性72例;年龄10个月~14岁,平均（7±4）岁;重症病例18例（11.3%）.成年组190例,男性117例,女性73例;年龄18~60岁,平均（32±12）岁;重症病例19例（10.0%）.2组轻症患者发热持续时间、住院时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;儿童组重症患者发热持续时间和住院时间均短于成年组重症患者[（2.3±1.3）d比（5.2±5.3）d,（6.8±4.4）d比（12.7±8.1）d],差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）.儿童组和成年组的有效率分别是100.0%（159/159）和99.5%（189/190）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.839,P〉0.05）.儿童组磷酸奥司他韦相关不良反应发生率与成年组比较差异无统计学意义[5.0%（8/159）比3.7%（7/190）,χ2=0.382,P〉0.05]. 结论 磷酸奥司他韦治疗儿童甲型H1N1流感疗效良好,不良反应发生率低,较为安全.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in children with influenza H1N1.Methods The medical records of patients who were hospitalized and treated with oseltamivir in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from Mar.2009 to Mar.2016 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into two groups according to the age： children group （≤14 years） and adults group （18-60 years）.The duration of fever, length of stay, efficacy and adverse drug reactions were analyzed.Results A total of 349 patients were enrolled into the analysis.There were 159 cases in the children group which comprised 87 male and 72 female, aged from 10 months to 14 years with average age of （7±4） years, including 18 severe cases （11.3%）.There were 190 cases in the adults group which comprised 117 male and 73 female, aged from 18 to 60 years with average age of （32±12） years, including 19 severe cases （10.0%）.The differences in duration of fever and the length of stay between mild patients of the two groups were not statistically significant （P〉0.05）.The duration of fever and the length of stay were shorter in severe patients of children group than in severe patients of adults group [（2.3±1.3）d vs.（5.2±5.3）d, （6.8±4.4）d vs.（12.7±8.1）d, both P〈0.05].The rate of efficacy of the children group and the adults group were 100.0% （159/159） and 99.5% （189/190）.There was no significant difference between the two groups （χ2=0.839, P〉0.05）.There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse events between the two groups [5.0% （8/159） vs.3.7% （7/190）, χ2=0.382, P〉0.05].Conclusion Oseltamivir is effective in the children with influenza H1N1 and it is safe with a low incidence of adverse reactions.