文化政策的价值取向——从文化产业、创意产业到文化经济

The Value Orientation of the Cultural Policy: From Cultural Industries through Creative Industries to Cultural Economy

英国工党政府在20世纪末提出的"创意产业"概念迅速取代了传统的"文化产业"概念,并成为许多国家的政策术语,随之而来的政策取向也由传统的美学价值、社会价值转为经济价值和市场价值。这种从国家话语向市场思维的政策演变在一定程度上淡化、掩盖甚至隐瞒了经济中的文化意义,阻碍了对文化本身的考察与关注。文化问题不是经济和市场所能全部解释的,文化价值也是难以被化解为经济价值的。在中国,文化产业的实践远远超前于学术理论的建构。文章提出系统整体观的"文化经济"概念,开辟了一种渗透、融合、开放、共识的交往契机,以价值取向取代权力导向和利益导向,呈现出文化政策的未来发展方向,昭示了文化价值的回归。

The concept of ＂creative industries＂ put forward by the British Government of Labor Party at the end of 20th century has quickly replaced traditional concept of ＂cultural industries＂ and has become a policy term in many countries. And ensuing policy orientation has been transformed from traditional aesthetic value and social value into economic value and market value. This kind of policy evolution from state discourse to market thinking diminishes, covers up or even conceals the cultural significance in the economy, and hinders the investigation and attention to culture itself. All of the cultral issues cannot be explained by the economy and market, and cultural value is also difficult to be reduced to economic value. In China, the practice of cultural industries is far ahead of the construction of academic theories. This paper puts forward the concept of ＂cultural economy＂ based on the whole system view, opens up a communication opportunity with penetration, integration, opening-up and consensus, replaces power orientation and benefit orientation by value orientation, reflects future development directions in cultural policy, and shows the return of cultural value.