RNAi技术在植物抗病领域的应用研究进展

Research Progress on Application of RNAi Technology in Development of Disease Resistant Plant

RNAi是一种内源的基因沉默现象.由于其简便、高效及特异性,RNAi技术在各种模式和非模式生物系统中得到了广泛的应用.植物基因工程的宗旨是将动物、植物或微生物中分离到的目的基因,通过各种手段整合到植物基因组上,使其稳定遗传并赋予植物新的优良性状.RNAi技术在植物基因工程领域得到了广泛的应用,目前已经成功培育出了抗病毒、抗细菌、抗真菌、抗线虫转基因植物.2007年,美国Monsanto公司及中国科学院研究人员利用RNAi技术分别获得了抗虫转基因玉米和棉花,为农业害虫的防控提供了新的思路和方法.本文重点探讨RNAi技术的发展史及通过RNAi技术培育抗虫转基因植物的原理和途径.

RNAi is a rapidly developing gene silencing technology. Because of its simplicity, high efficiency and specificity, RNAi technology has been widely used in various model and non-model biological systems. The aim of plant genetic engineering is to integrate the target genes,which were isolated from animals, plants and microorganisms, into the plant genome by various transgenie methods, in order to stably express these genes in the plants and give the plants desirable characteristics. RNAi technology has been widely used in the field of plant genetic engineering. To date, transgenic plants resistant to variety of pathogens including virus, bacterium, fungus, nematode were successfully developed. In 2007, researchers from Monsanto and CAS reported the development of transgenic corn and cotton resistant to insect herbivore using RNAi technology,providing a speciesspecific and environmentally sound anti-pest strategy. The developmental history of RNAi technology,the principle and method of cultivating transgenic anti-pest plants by RNAi were reviewed.