山西太岳山区植物的花粉形态及其古环境意义

STUDY ON THE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF PLANTS FROM THE TAIYUE MOUNTAIN,SHANXI PROVINCE,NORTH CHINA AND ITS PALEOENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION

应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对中国山西太岳山区秋季开花的25科74属88种(含2变种)植物的花粉形态进行了观察和研究,并对花粉形态进行了细致的描述。结果表明:花粉粒以近球形(56.8%)和椭球形(27.3%)为主,其它还有球形、扁球形。花粉粒中P/E值最大的为卷丹(Lilium lancifolium)和山西独活(Heracleum schansianum Fedde ex Wolff),均为1.89,最小的为高山露珠草(Circaea alpina L.)0.71;最大的花粉为卷丹117.5×62.3μm,最小的为穗花马先蒿(Pedicularis spicata Pall.)14.5×14.2μm。花粉萌发孔以3孔沟(35.2%)和3沟(26.1%)为主,还有少量的为3合沟、2合沟、散孔、3孔、6沟、单沟、3(-4)孔沟、4沟等类型。外壁纹饰以细网状(46.6%)、长刺状(17.0%)和颗粒状(13.6%)为主,其他还有粗网状、条纹-穿孔、棒状、微刺状、微刺-颗粒等。本研究还对同科不同属、同属不同种、同种不同地区的花粉形态进行了比较讨论,研究结果可为太岳山区化石花粉的准确鉴定提供鉴别指南和标准对照图谱。同时本文还探讨了该区植物花粉尤其是菊科3个主要花粉类型的古环境意义,为利用地层中相应化石花粉重建古气候、古环境提供现代孢粉学资料和依据。

Pollen morphology of selected taxa from the Taiyue mountain, Shanxi Province, North China are investiga- ted in the present study. Eighty-six species and 2 varieties of 74 genera belonging to 25 families flowering in the autumn were described and illustrated under light microscope （LM） and scaning electron microscopy （SEM）. The pollen grains were mostly subsphaeroidal（56.8 ~） or prolate（27.3 %） in addition to some spherical and oblate. P/E values of Lilium lancifoliurn and Heracleum schansianum Fedde ex Wolff were the maximum, both of 1.89, and that of Circaea alpina L. was the minimum （0.71）. The maximum pollen grain is Lilium lancifolium （117. 5 X 62. 3 t^m） ~ and the minimum pollen grain is Pedicularis spicata Pall. （12.5 X 10.3 ffm）. Aperture type is mainly 3-colpate and 3-colporate with a percentage of 35.2~ and 26.1 ~ respectively, while others contains 3-syncolpate, 2-syncol- pate, pantocolpate, 3-apeture, 6-eolpate, single-colpate, 3 （-4） colporate and ^-colpate. The surface ornamentation is mostly microreticulate, spinulose and granulate with the percentages of 46. 6~, 17.0% and 13.6 % respectively. Other exine ornamentations, such as reticulate, striate-perforate, retipilate, microspinulose, microspinulose-granu- late are also observed. Pollen morphology in different genera of the same family, different species of the same genera, and different regions of the same species were also discussed in this study. Observation and description on pollen mor- phological characteristics of these species are important keys to the identification of fossil pollen grains of related taxa. The paleoenvironment implication of the pollen grains of the Taiyue mountain is discussed in detail especially 3 types of the family Asteraeeae, which is significant for estimating the palaeoclimate and paleaoenvironment conditions by utilizing the fossil pollen record.