荷兰检察制度精要及其启示

The Dutch Procuratorial System: Gist and Implications

尽管深受法国检察制度的影响,但是荷兰在不断的改革过程中逐渐形成了颇具特色的检察制度。同我国检察制度相比,荷兰检察制度的特色主要体现在六个方面。一是检察权在法律上具有司法和行政的双重属性。二是检察机关在侦查活动中处于领导地位。三是在设立检察机关时不仅实行审检合署和审检分署相结合的模式,而且针对某些特殊犯罪设置专门的检察机关。四是基于检察机关的双重属性以及独特的组织体系,检察机关的内外部关系都比较复杂。五是检察机关不仅垄断起诉权,而且享有广泛的起诉裁量权。六是实行严格的检察官选任制度。荷兰检察制度的鲜明特色对于我国检察制度改革的重要启示首先在于检察独立更加强调检察机关的外部独立和集体独立,而不是检察机关的内部独立和个人独立。其次是应该赋予检察机关更大的自由裁量权。最后是应该强化检察机关对侦查机关的监督和制约。

Despite the effect of French procuratorial system, the Netherlands has formed its own distinctive one in the process of reform. It is found that the Dutch procuratorial system has distinctive features in six aspects compared with the Chinese counterpart. First,the procuratorial power is of judicial and administrative properties in law. Second, the procuratorial agencies are in the position of leadership in procuratorial work. Third, trial and procuratorial activities are both combined and separated when the procuratorial agencies are founded, and for some special crimes separate procuratorial agencies can be set up. Fourth, based on the dual properties and distinctive organization system of procuratorial agencies, the internal and external relations concerned are fairly complex. Fifth ,the procuratorial agencies monopolize in prosecution and enjoy extensive prosecutorial discretion. Sixth, a rigid selection system of procurators is implemented. It is argued that the Dutch procuratorial system has implications for the reform of China＇ s procuratorial system, first of all, in the independence of procuratorial agencies in external and collective functions rather than their internal and individual independence. Also, more prosecutorial discretion should be rendered to the procuratorial agencies. Finally, more supervision and constraint on the investigating agencies should be made by the procuratorial agencies.