危险的误导:卢卡奇的《历史与阶级意识》为何被捧为马克思主义创新的经典?

Dangerous Misleading: Why Is Lukacs' History and Class Consciousness Regarded as a Classic of Innovation in Marxism

对卢卡奇及其早期作品《历史与阶级意识》的正确评价,关系到如何看待马克思主义这一重大的时代问题,以及对所谓"西方马克思主义"的准确把握,事关坚持和发展马克思主义。本文通过对该作品关于总体性、物化和阶级意识等主要概念的分析和比对,阐明了其中既有独创性的理论价值,也有理论失误,指出全部问题的根本在于用辩证唯物主义破解"自在之物",而不是简单否定"自在之物"、把自然社会化,并进而否定"自然的本体论客观性"。文章还论证了辩证唯物主义实践论和实践本体论、实践哲学的根本对立,"西方马克思主义"的演变和卢卡奇的初心及其思想历程的反向而行,从而得出卢卡奇不是"西方马克思主义"的奠基人,《历史与阶级意识》不是理论创新的经典,马克思主义的发展正道决非"西马"的结论。

The correct evaluation of Lukacs and his early work of History and Class Consciousness concern the understanding of Marxism as an important issue of our time. In the same token,the correct understanding of the so-called 'Western Marxism'concerns the adherence to and development of Marxism. Through careful analysis of such key concepts as totality,reification and class consciousness in Lukacs' work,this paper elaborates on its original value and theoretical errors. It is argued that the fundamental approach should lie in the understanding of 'thing-in-itself'through dialectical materialism,rather than simply denying the 'thing-in-itself,'socializing the nature,and then rejecting 'the ontological objectivity of nature.'This paper also demonstrates the fundamental contradiction between the theory of practice in dialectical materialism on the one hand,and the ontology of practice and practical philosophy on the other; the evolution of 'Western Marxism'; Lukacs' original intention and the later development of his thought in the opposite direction. On this basis,it is concluded that Lukacs is not the founder of'Western Marxism,'History and Class Consciousness is not a classic in theoretical innovation,and 'Western Marxism'is anything but the right way for the development of Marxism.