主体性自由的科学扬弃--马克思对西方现代性的批判与超越及其当代意义

The Scientific Sublation of Subjective Freedom: Marx's Critique and Transcendence of Western Modernity and It's Contemporary Implications

主体性自由是西方现代性的重要哲学表征。黑格尔认为,以个体为中心的主体性自由是反映于市场经济中的自由的有限形式,必须在资本主义国家这一"伦理理念的实现"中予以扬弃。马克思指出,资本主义国家是为市民社会服务的,是"虚假的共同体"。主体性自由的扬弃,不能在资本主义国家中实现,而只能在个人生活与类生活、主体性自由与共同体自由有机统一的"自由人的联合体"中实现。我国社会主义核心价值观的确立、社会主义市场经济体制的建构、集中力量办大事的制度优势的发挥,有可能初步体现马克思在劳动者获得主体性自由问题上的积极主张。

Subjective freedom is the philosophical symbol of the Western modernity. According to Hegel,the individual-centered freedom of subjectivity embodied in market economy is a limited style of freedom,which should be sublated by capitalist state as the 'realization of ethical concept.'But Marx points out that capitalist state is the servant of civil society,and therefore a 'false community. Subjective freedom cannot be sublated in capitalist state but only in the community of free men which coordinates the subjective freedom with the freedom of community. Marx's key points of freedom are deeply embodied in the construction of socialist core values,socialist market economy and our institutional advantages in concentrating forces for big projects in China today.