水土保持措施对塘背小流域典型林地植被恢复状况的影响

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Vegetation Restoration of Typical Forests in the Small Watershed of Tangbei River

2016年5月中旬在江西赣南塘背小流域选取3种典型水保措施治理下的林地,通过对其乔灌草物种组成调查、生物多样性指数计算和统计分析,研究塘背小流域各代表性林地在治理30 a后的植物恢复状况。结果表明:3种水保措施条件下植被覆盖度均有变化,不同之处在于相对于仅采用"封禁"措施的林地,采用"工程+植物+封禁"措施的林地植物群落发展较快、种类较为丰富。表明仅采用封禁措施的植被恢复无显著变化,采用植物或工程措施都能够加速植被恢复,同时采用水平竹节沟和乔、灌、草相结合种植的水保措施能最大化加速水土流失区的植被恢复。

The vegetation restoration status of typical forests after the treatment for 30 years was studied with the forest land in the small watershed of Tangbei river under 3 typical water and soil conservation measures in Southern Jiangxi Province, mid-May 2016. The investigation mainly bases on the composition of the arbor, shrub and herbage, calculation and statistical analysis of biodiversity index. The findings indicated that 3 different water conservation measures had a significant impact on the vegetation coverage. Compared with the forest only using B measures, the plant community of the forest using PPB measures developed rapidly, and had much more abundant species. All the above results showed that only using ′ban′ measure had no significant change on vegetation restoration, while either plant or engineering measures with ′ban′ measure could accelerate vegetation restoration; Among them, the comprehensive measures of ′the level of bamboo ditch′ and trees, shrubs, herbaceous planting had the fastest speed of vegetation restoration in soil erosion area.