4种木霉对松疱锈病菌细胞壁的破坏作用

The Destructive Effects of 4 Species of Trichoderma on Cronartium ribicola

为了解木霉属真菌分泌胞壁降解酶的能力及筛选获得降解植物锈病菌的优良生防菌株,对4个种48株木霉进行接种保湿培养和定期观察。结果表明:4种木霉中的长枝木霉所有菌株在茶藨生柱锈的锈孢子堆上生长都较弱,且对锈孢子壁没有破坏作用,而其他3个种的部分菌株能在锈孢子堆上生长且对锈孢子壁造成不同程度的破坏,但不同种及同种不同菌株的生长速度和对锈孢子的破坏能力差异较大;3种木霉中,深绿木霉的多数菌株在锈孢子堆上的生长良好,对锈孢子壁的破坏作用最强,康宁木霉和哈茨木霉的部分菌株次之;采用DNS显色法检测锈孢子壁诱导3株木霉分泌的胞壁降解酶(几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶)活性,结果显示其诱导酶活的强度与菌株破坏接种锈孢子壁的程度基本一致。

In order to know the ability of the genus Trichoderma producing cell-wall degrading enzyme as well as screening and obtaining fine biocontrol strains for the plant rust degradation, 48 strains of 4 species of Trichoderma were inoculated and moisturizingly cultured along with regularly observed on destructive effects. The results showed that among the 4 species, all strains of T.longibrachiatum grew slowly on the aeciospore piles of Cronartium ribicola without any destructive effects on aeciospore walls. However, lots of Trichoderma strains of the other 3 species could live on the aeciospore piles with significantly different growth rate and destructive capacity on aeciospores due to various Trichoderma species or strains of the same species. Among the 3 Trichoderma species, a majority of T.atroviride grew well on aeciospore piles and the walls of the aeciospores were strongly destroyed, following with some strains of T.koningii and T.harzianum. Besides, DNS-developing method was used to detect the 3 species of Trichoderma′s activities of producing cell-wall degrading enzyme （chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase） induced by walls of aeciospores. The result manifested that their capacities of inducing enzyme activities basically agreed with the strains′ destructive effects on the inoculated aeciospores walls.