护士工作授能与工作压力源的关系探讨

Discussion on the relationship between work empowerment of and work stress source in nurses

目的探讨临床护士工作授能与工作压力源之间的关系,为临床提高护理质量和管理效能提供依据。方法随机选取2011年1月~2014年12月宝安区部分医院及社区健康服务中心直接为患者提供护理服务工作1年以上的急诊科、内科、外科、妇产科、儿科等科室临床注册护士500人,对其进行问卷调查。结果学历、职称、工作年限、月收入对护士的工作授能存在较明显的影响(P<0.05),年龄、婚姻状况、科室等因素对护士的工作授能影响不明显(P>0.05)。所有工作授能结构得分均在中度以上水平,机会得分最高[(3.23±0.98)分],资源得分最低[(2.67±0.78)分]。护士工作授能压力源总体压力水平较高[(2.62±1.21)分],护士工作授能各维度与多种原因相关,其中与压力源中倒班、工作量大、护患关系紧张、无用书面工作太多、担心出现差错均成负相关,与护理患者承担的职责、工资待遇差、继续深造机会少均成正相关。结论构建护士的工作授能的工作环境有利于缓解护士在工作中感知到的压力。

Objective To explore the relationship between work empowerment and stress sources of clinical nurses,so as to provide bases for clinical improvement of nursing quality and management effectiveness.Methods 500 clinically regis- tered nurses who directly provided nursing services for the patients for over one year in the departments of emergency, internal medicine,surgery,gynecology and obstetrics,pediatrics and other departments in some hospitals in Baoan District and community health service centers from January 2011 to December 2014 were randomly selected,and the questionnaire survey was carried out in the nurses.Results The education background,title,working years and monthly income had significant effect on the working ernpowerment of the nurses （P〈0.05）.Age,marital status,departments and other fac- tors did not have significant effect on the working empowerment of nurses （P〉0.05）.All the scores of working empowerment structures were above the moderate level with opportunity score was the highest [（3.23±0.98） points] and resources score was the lowest [（2.67±0.78） points].The overall pressure level score [（2.62±1.21） points] was higher according to the stress sources of working empowerment of nurses.Various dimensions of working empowerment of nurses were correlated with a variety of reasons.They were negatively correlated with work shift,heavy workload,tense nurse-patient relation-ship,excessive useless paper work,worries about errors in the stress sourses,and they were positively correlated with duties of nursing care,poor benefits for the patients and few opportunities of further study.Conclusion The construction of a working environment for the working empowerment of nurses is beneficial to relieving the pressure from the work.