德国铁路改革现状及对策

Status and Countermeasures of Germany Railway Reform

德国铁路通过改革,取得了铁路运输服务供给多元化、铁路运量持续增加、政府财政负担有所缓解的成效。针对德国铁路改革中存在的公平使用路网难以实现、铁路服务社会与大众的功能被弱化、基础设施投资不足等问题,通过采取严格监管路网公司、扩大旅客运输产品补贴范围、建立基础设施养护及大修的新机制等深化改革对策,德国铁路在改革推动下发展出开放的、具有竞争性的国内市场,德国政府在铁路市场化改革中成功实现了角色的转换,但同时德国铁路改革政策框架还存在不足。

Germany railways achieved many effects since the railway reform,including diversified supplies of railway transportation service,continuous increase of railway traffic volume and released government fiscal burden.Targeting the existing problems in Germany railway reform such as difficult realization of fair railway network using,weak function of railway serving for society and public and deficient infrastructure investment,through the countermeasures of deepening the reform,such as strictly supervising railway network company,expanding subsidy scope of passenger transport products and establishing new mechanisms for infrastructure maintenance and heavy-duty maintenance,Germany railway develops an open and competitive domestic market under the reform,and German government successfully realizes its role conversion in the railway market-oriented reform,but the framework of the reform policy still has shortcomings.