化妆土对鄱阳淮王府琉璃构件釉面品质的影响

The Impact of Mask Clay on Glaze Quality of Glazed Tiles on Prince Huai's Palace in Poyang

2012年考古发掘的鄱阳淮王府是明代重要藩王府之一,出土了一批型制考究、釉色精美的铅绿釉建筑琉璃构件,为揭示明代建筑材料工艺技术提供了宝贵的实物资料。本课题以淮王府遗址出土的不同类型典型琉璃构件样品为研究对象,借助能量色散X射线荧光、场发射扫描电子显微镜,分析了样品胎、化妆土和釉的化学组成、显微结构,初步探讨了化妆土的原料配方和制备工艺,及不同样品表面釉层剥落程度存在明显差异的主要原因。结果表明,大部分琉璃构件中均存在有一层化学组成明显不同于釉,且K_2O含量明显高于胎的白色化妆土层,且发现在一定范围内,随着化妆土厚度的增加釉层厚度明显减薄,釉面品质明显改善,其中厚度达到445μm以上,坯釉结合良好,釉面平整光亮,基本无剥釉现象。

Prince Huai＇s Palace in Poyang excavated in 2012 is one of the important palaces for enfeoffment princes in Ming Dynasty, where a batch of green glazed tiles in good shapes and elegant colors were unearthed. They provide valuable data for revealing the production technology of Ming Dynasty building materials. In this study, different types of classical glazed tiles from Prince Huai＇s Palace relics were taken as the research objects, EDXRF and SEM were used to analyze the chemical composition and microscopic structure of the body, mask clay and glaze, then the raw material formula and preparation technology of mask clay as well as the main cause of significant peeling difference between the samples were discussed. The results show that most of the glazed tiles have white mask clay of which the chemical composition is obviously different from that of the body with a higher K2O content. In a certain range, with the increase of mask clay thickness, the glaze thickness is reduced and the quality of glaze surface obviously improved. When the thickness of mask clay comes to 445 μm, the body and glaze are combined very well, and the surface of glaze is smooth and shiny with nearly no peeling.