唯物史观视野下的苏联模式

The Soviet Model from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

1917年资本主义在俄国尚未得到充分发展,俄国不具备社会主义革命所需条件,但是阶级斗争十分激烈。布尔什维克从俄国实际出发,发动十月革命,建立了有俄国特色的社会主义。社会主义的斯大林模式曾经对苏联的社会发展作出积极贡献。第二次世界大战前后科学技术有了革命性发展,成为第一生产力。作为最重要生产力的科学技术要求经济基础和上层建筑作出相应改变,斯大林模式丧失了历史合理性。发动改革告别斯大林模式是必然的,以什么方式告别具有偶然性,在不同国家表现不同。新科技革命没有终结社会主义,相反,它为社会主义开辟了广阔前景。

Although Lenin persisted in the basic principles of historical materialism,he advocated for first seizing power and afterward creating the conditions required for realizing socialism,successfully completing the October Revolution in the then economically and socially backward Russia.The later Stalinist model socialist system had Russian characteristics.As science and technology gradually became primary productive forces after World War II,corresponding changes needed to be made in the relationship between the economic base and superstructure,which caused the Stalinist model to lose its historical rationality.It was necessary to start reforms and bid farewell to the Stalinist model,a farewell which took different forms in different countries.More recently,the new technological revolution has opened up broad prospects for socialism.