沉思传统与实践转向——以《确定性的追求》为中心的探索

The Tradition of Theoria/Contemplation vs. the Pragmatic Turn——An Investigation with a Focus on Dewey's Quest for Certainty

着眼于知行哲学的研究,本文聚焦于杜威的《确定性的追求》,考察了20世纪西方哲学解构沉思传统,促进实践转向的思想努力。杜威认为,沉思传统有其人性根源、形上学预设和认识论后果。通过阐发实验探究的认识论,杜威将旁观者式的认识论、两个世界的形上学以及通过确定性的追求来寻求安全的取向,一一摧陷廓清。作为沉思传统的奠基人,亚里士多德哲学在古典三项之间建立起了等级秩序。实验探究的认识论超克了亚氏方案,其立足于实验探究来解说知识和价值的进路,蕴涵了一种重置古典三项的独特思路,即立足于提升转化了的poiesis/techne来解说theoria/episteme和praxis/phronesis。

In order to inquire into the relationship between knowledge and action,this article,by focusing on Dewey’s Quest for Certainty,examines one of the efforts made in the 20thcentury to deconstruct Western philosophy’s entrenched tradition of theoria/contemplation and to promote the pragmatic turn.In his reflections on the tradition of theoria/contemplation,Dewey traced its roots in human nature and disclosed its metaphysical presuppositions and epistemological consequences.By developing an epistemology of experimental inquiry,he dismantled the spectator theory of knowledge,the metaphysics of two worlds,and the seeking of safety via the quest for certainty.As a paradigmatic case of the tradition of theoria/contemplation,Aristotle’s philosophy established a hierarchy among theoria/episteme,praxis/phronesis,and poiesis/techne.By explaining the possibility of knowledge and value on the basis of experimental inquiry,Dewey overcame Aristotle’s strategy.The epistemology of experimental inquiry implies a unique approach to repositioning three classic items,namely,accounting for theoria/episteme and praxis/phronesis on the basis of poiesis/techne.