就业前景视域下高职专业设置的现实样态与实践理路——基于海南省区域样本高职院校的审视

On Situation and Practical Way of Specialty Setting of Higher Vocational Colleges from Job Prospects Perspective——Based on a Survey for Higher Vocational Colleges of HN Area Sample

专业设置是高职院校专业教育和人才培养的关键环节,以就业市场反观专业设置是当前高职院校专业结构优化的重要途径。基于就业前景视角,通过对海南省区域样本高职院校专业设置样态的三个维度的框架分析显示:就业高风险型和就业预警型专业数量偏多,持续的需求增长型专业数量偏少。海南省高职院校的专业设置,应加强顶层设计,以数据服务提升统筹能力;增强专业建设"错位"发展意识,建设基于产业特色的专业集群;引入社会力量参与专业设置机制;创新以大数据为基础的专业设置决策机制。

Specialties setting is the key link of professional education and personnel training in higher vocational colleges. Looking back specialty setting through employment market is an important way to optimize the specialty structure of higher vocational colleges. From student＇s job prospects perspective, the present situation of specialties in higher vocational colleges are analyzed in three dimensions, and the results show that there are a large number of high-risk and job-warning majors, and the number of majors with ever-increasing demand is small. The specialty setting of higher vocational schools of Hainan Province should enhance the top design and improve the coordinated capacity by data service, enhance ＂dislocation＂ development awareness for specialties construction and construct industry characteristic based specialty clusters, introduce social forces to participate in the specialties setting mechanism, as well as innovate large data based specialty setting decision mechanism.