我国畜禽养殖总量空间热点分析及主要污染物核算

Hotspot analysis and estimation of the main pollutants from livestock in China

为使全国范围内畜禽污染防治工作的开展更具有针对性,基于对1992、2002、2012三年全国各省市畜禽养殖总量及各畜禽养殖量进行的热点分析比较,应用排污系数法对热点省份畜禽养殖排放的主要污染物进行了估算。结果表明,各类要素在各省市均不存在冷点,即不存在养殖量低值聚集区域,一定程度上可反映我国不存在养殖空白区。猪养殖的热点省份是四川、山东和湖南,牛养殖的热点省份是四川、山东和河南,羊养殖的热点省份是内蒙古和青海,均集中在我国西北部,家禽养殖的热点省份是山东和广东。养殖热点省份一般存在较严重的环境污染问题,畜禽养殖量聚集程度越显著,污染排放相对越多,对环境的威胁也越大。四川、河南、山东是畜禽养殖污染防控重点省份,养殖羊较多的内蒙古、新疆也是畜禽污染首要防控对象。

Livestock and poultry pollution has been an increasingly important constituent of agricultural nonpoint source pollution.In order to better target the national-scale prevention of livestock pollution, hotspot analyses for total and respective livestock numbers in China for the years 1992, 2002, and 2012 were conducted. Based on these analyses, the main livestock pollutants of the hot spot provinces were estimated using the discharge coefficient method. It was found that there were no cold spots of each type of livestock in all the provinces, showing that livestock and poultry breeding occurs throughout China. The provinces that produced the most swine were Sichuan, Shandong, and Hunan;for cattle, Sichuan, Shandong, and Henan; for sheep, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai, concentrated in Northwest China; and for poultry, Shandong and Guangdong. Generally, the provinces with large numbers of livestock and poultry were seriously polluted, and much larger amounts of livestock pollutants were discharged in areas with significantly concentrated distribution livestock. Sichuan, Henan, and Shandong are the main provinces that need to prevent and control livestock pollution urgently. Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang also need to pay more attention to pollution prevention, because they have high densities of sheep. This research is constructive for livestock pollution control in China.