论涉岛海岸管理的法制建构——以我国台湾地区海岸管理制度为例

The Legal System Construction of Coastal Management:A Case from the Coastal Management Act of China's Taiwan Region

海岸管理一直是世界各国重视的政府治理内容之一,我国亦同,但我国针对海岸(带)地区的专门立法起步较晚。继2013年海南颁布了第一部海岸管理法规之后,我国台湾地区也于2015年颁布了"《海岸管理法》",涉岛海岸管理法制建构已处于我国海岸地区管理法制的前列。通过分析我国台湾地区"《海岸管理法》"的主要制度建构之后,着重阐释其七大制度特色:强调法制公开、保护利益相关者;推动基本资料整合与共用;重视保护原住民传统和人文资产;强调公众参与,以民间为主;从海岸工程思维转换为海岸防护区建构;建构了规划协调机制及权属有效划分;来源多元的海岸管理基金制度。最后,通过对比海南与台湾地区两部涉岛海岸管理的法律制度,说明我国未来涉岛海岸管理的法制建构的完善要点。

Coastal management has always been one of the vital governance of all nations and China is no excep- tion. However, China＇ s specific legislation concerning coastal management began late. After Hainan＇ s coastal management law promulgated as China＇s first island coastal management act in 2013, Taiwan issued the Coastal Management Act in 2015. The construction of a legal system for island coastal management has been paramount for Chinese coastal management regulations. After analyzing the basic system construction of the Coastal Management Act, this paper will interprets seven characteristics of legal system： emphasizing publicity of the legal system and protecting stakeholders ; pushing forward the integration and sharing of basic documents ; valuing the protection of aboriginal tradition and human assets; highlighting public participation of citizens as major role; transforming the construction of coastal protection areas from coastal engineering thinking;establishing coordina- tion mechanism of planning and proper rights ＆ duties effectively; owning a coastal management funding system with financial sources of diversity. Finally, by comparing the coastal laws of Hainan and Taiwan islands, this paper will describe chief points of future legal system construction of island coastal management in China.