社会变革对俄罗斯竞技体操的影响及启示

The Influence of Social Change on Russian Athletics Gymnastics and Enlightenment

前苏联时期,竞技体操是其传统优势项目,在奥运赛场上争金夺银,苏联解体后,竞技体操呈现衰落状态;而我国自2008年北京奥运会后,竞技体操亦呈现快速下滑。运用文献资料法、专家访谈法等方法对俄罗斯竞技体操下滑进行研究分析,并对比前苏联时期竞技体操发展状况,研究表明:从原苏联时期到如今俄罗斯竞技体操呈现快速下滑趋势,近几年有所好转;缺乏稳定的政治、经济环境,混乱的管理体制是竞技体操下滑的主要原因;俄罗斯受内外因双重挑战,前进道路压力日趋增大。同时结合我国竞技体操近些年发展状况,提出建议:保持好国内稳定良好的政治、经济环境,确保有充足的资金投入是关键;完善竞技体操的管理运行体制,提高技术创新;加强技术、信息交流,提升应对外界压力能力。

The Soviet Union, athletics gymnastics is the traditional advantages of the project, to win gold and silver medals in the Olympic Games, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, athletic gymnastics has fading state;but in China since the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, gymnastics also showed a rapid decline. Through the literature materi- al method, expert interviews and other methods, the paper analyzed the development of the athletics gymnastics in Russia, and compared the development of Athletics Gymnastics in the Soviet Union, the research showed that： From the Soviet Union to the present era of Russian athletics gymnastics showed a rapid decline in the trend and has improved in recent years;The lack of stable political and economic environment, chaotic management system is the main reason for the decline of athletics gymnastics; Russia faces both internal and external challenges, in- creasing pressure on the road ahead. At the same time, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the develop- ment of Chinese athletics gymnastics in recent years：The key is that maintain a good political and economic envi- ronment of domestic stability, to ensure adequate funding; Improve the management system of athletics gymnastics, improve technological innovation; To strengthen the exchange of technology and information, improve the coping ability of external pressur.