中小河流水污染现状探讨——以铜仁市锦江河为例

Discussion on water pollution status quo in small and medium rivers:with Tongren Jinjiang River as an example

中小河流一般位于大江大河中上游,源清流洁。随着城镇人口急剧增加和工业飞速发展,又由于公众的环境保护意识薄弱,大量生活污水、工业废水、废渣等在没有经过处理情况下直接向河道排放致使河流受到严重污染。中小河流分布区域一般是我国经济相对落后、工业欠发达地区,水体污染主要表现氨氮、总磷、粪大肠菌群指标超标。铜仁市锦江河是一条流经16个乡镇的中小河流,其污染和治理现状,在我国的中小河流污染和治理中是典型的案例。本文以铜仁市锦江河为例,从锦江河污染现状及治理现状调查入手,分析了锦江河水体污染和治理中存在的问题,并提出处理措施。希望此典型案例,能在我国的中小河流污染和治理中起到借鉴的作用。

Medium and small rivers are located in middle and upper reaches of major rivers, the source is clean, and river is purified. Since the public has weak awareness on environmental protection, a lot of domestic sewage, industrial waste- water, waste residue, etc. are discharged into rivers directly and the rivers are polluted seriously without treatment with the rapid increase of urban population and rapid development of industry. Small and medium rivers are generally distributed in Chinese regions with relatively backward economy and regions with less developed industry. Water pollution is mainly manifested as ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and fecal coliform indexes exceeding standard. Tongren Jinjiang River is a medium and small river flowing through 16 towns and townships. Its current status of pollution and treatment are typical case in medium and small river pollution and treatment in China. In the paper, Tongren Jinjiang River is regarded as an example. It starts with investigation of current pollution status and governance status of Jinjiang River, water pollution and problems in governance of Jinjiang River are analyzed, and solutions are proposed. The typical case can provide reference role for small and medium river pollution and governance in China.