从文人笔记看幽默语效实现的认知机制

The Cognitive Mechanism of Actualizing Verbal Humor's Pragmatic Effects via Literati Notes

幽默话语事象在文人笔记中屡见不鲜,但幽默语效的相关研究缘起于西方,此前研究多聚焦于西方喜剧影视等有声语言。此外,语言学界对文人笔记中相关语料的研究多是从词汇、语音等方面进行的纯语言研究,缺乏对话语交际动态机制的探讨。鉴于以上背景,本文以文人笔记中的幽默话语为研究对象,通过考察发现:歪解、归谬、双关、说字、摹状是文人笔记实现幽默语效的主要方式;在语效实现的动态过程中,表达空间是必需通道,认知源域概念、表达载体的外在形貌是物质基础,认知源域与目标域间的差异是逻辑基点,关联是引导,逻辑反转是重要因素。

Verbal humor is quite common in literati notes, whereas the related studies on its pragmatic effects are originated from the West that mainly focused on the verbal languages such as those in western comedy films at present. What＇s more, most of the linguistic studies on the related corpus of literati notes are just conducted from the aspects like vocabulary and speech sounds, which show a lack of investigations on the dynamic mechanism of conversational communication. Given the above, this paper takes the verbal humor matters as the subject of study and finds that distortion, reduction, absurdum, pun, explanation and description are the main means of achieving verbal humor＇s pragmatic effects. In the dynamic process of reaching pragmatic effects, the expression space turns as the necessary channel, the concept of cognitive source domain as well as the appearance of the expression vector are the material basis, the existing difference plays the role of logical basis, the correlation serves as the guide, and the logical reversal acts as the key factors.