从全能型国家体系的改革到现代国家治理体系的重构

From the Reform for a Versatile National System to the Reconstruction of a Modem System of National Governance

对于国家治理体系,在改革开放前,我国同以往许多社会主义国家一样,实行的是党政不分、政企不分、政社不分,而由党实行一元化领导的全能型国家治理体系。对于这样的国家治理体系,邓小平提出重点要解决权力过分集中的问题,特别是要着手解决党政不分、以党代政的问题。在过去30多年改革开放的进程中,中国逐步从以往那种全能型的国家治理体系中"分"出了四个相对独立、充满自身活力、可以承担治理责任的制度性元素——执政党、政权(包括政府)、市场(包括企业)、社会(包括社会组织),这四个元素既各自独立又相辅相成地发挥作用。可以说,我们在党政职能分开、政企分开、政社分开基础上一步一步重构的国家治理体系,已经从根本上变革了原来的全能型国家治理体系,正在重新整合为新的国家治理体系。

When it comes to the system of national governance,China,like other socialist countries,implemented a versatile system under centralized leadership for national governance characterized by the non-separation of the party and government,of government and enterprise,of government and society before its implementation of the reform and openingup.To deal with it,Deng Xiao-ping stressed on over-centralized leadership,especially the non-separation of the party and government and the replacement of government by the party.In the last 30 years of reform and opening-up,we gradually managed to divide the previous versatile system into four institutional components with relative independence,abundant vigor,and accountability.The four components are the ruling party,regime(including government),market(including enterprise),society(including social organizations).They independently and complementarily play their respective roles.Thus,we could safely come to conclusion that we have progressively restructured national governance through separating the functions of the party and government,those of government and enterprise,and those of government and society,fundamentally revolutionized the previously versatile system of national governance,and been integrating them into a new governance system.