马克思道德思想的三个理论层次探析

A Study of the Three Dimensions in Marx's Moral Thoughts

马克思的道德思想是丰富而立体的,且表现为不同的理论层次。从理论层次的视域看待马克思的道德思想,我们会发现所谓的道德矛盾实质上是从单一层次对马克思道德思想的误读。依据道德理论对研究对象的具体历史和现实条件的抽离程度不同,马克思道德理论可分为三个层次:一是针对具体事件的具体道德判断;二是(人)类解放层面的道德理论;三是共产主义理想蓝图中的道德自然存在。三个层次的道德理论在马克思那里是一脉相承的,是马克思道德思想发展的内在逻辑和阶段性特征。马克思对不同层次的道德理论有不同态度,包括对第一层次的"忽视"、对第二层次的关注和对第三层次的期许。

Marx s moral thoughts are abundant and vivid with multiple theoretical dimensions.In terms of theoretical perception,we would find out that the so-called moral proxies are nothing but a misinterpretation of Marx's moral thoughts from a uni-lateralized facet.Varying in the degree of subtracting the subject from concrete history and realistic condition,Marx's moral thoughts could be divided into three dimensions.The first concerns specific moral judgement on specific events,the second involves moral theories of human emancipation,and the third discusses the natural existence of morality in the blueprint of communism.As internal outlines and phased features,the three-dimensional moral theories are connected and related within Marx's moral thoughts.With varied attitudes towards moral theories in different dimensions,Marx 'ignored' the first dimension,paid close attention to the second and had expectations for the third.