基于计划行为理论的农户宅基地退出意愿与退出行为差异研究

Differences between rural homestead exit intention and exit behavior based on theory of planned behavior

基于安徽省金寨县农户的调查数据,选用计划行为理论和结构方程模型,探究宅基地退出意愿与退出行为的影响因素,并对比其差异。结果表明:(1)整体上农户退出意愿较高,明显大于退出行为,退出意愿与退出行为的影响因素呈现整体一致、局部差异的特征;(2)退出意愿是农户处于理想状态下的选择,其影响因子为行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制;(3)退出行为是农户处于现实状态下的选择,其影响因子为主观规范和知觉行为控制。基于此,提出以下建议:完善农村宅基地管理制度,提高其指令性规范;赋予农户利益诉求机会,同步提高农户退出意愿与退出行为;开展宅基地价值评估,给予农户足额全面补偿。

How to reform the rural land system, protect farmer housing rights, promote urbanization, and coordinate urban-rural development remain significant projects for China. The rural homestead system at present, with obvious welfare and identity, was established during the planned economy period, and plays an important historical role in ensuring the basic residence and habitation of farmers. The rural population has been transferring to towns at a large scale because of new-type urbanization, but rural land systems still stick to a deal, because of this, various conflicts have emerged between land use property, homestead supply guarantee, construction land index circulation and homestead mortgages. As a consequence, rural homesteads have continued increasing instead of decreasing. The purpose of this paper is to research the factors behind farmer rural homestead exit intention and exit behavior using survey data from Jinzhai county in Anhui and theoretical analysis and structural equation modeling methods. We found that farmers have a strong appetite to exit homesteads overall, and exit intention is significantly stronger than exit behavior. Driving factors of exit intention and exit behavior are accordant globally, but different locally. Exit intention are farmers＇ choice in ideal state and driving factors are behavioral attitude, subjective norm, cognitive behavior control and the current situation. Exit behaviors are farmers＇ choice in actual state, its driving factors are subjective norm, cognitive behavior control and the current situation. In conclusion, the government should complete rural homestead management systems; enhance farmer public participation; give farmers chances to appeal their profits; improve farmer exit intention along with exit behavior; carry out value assessment of homesteads; and compensate farmers sufficiently.