政治发展理论视阈下的阿曼政治变局探究

A Study of the Political Transformation of Oman from the Perspective of Political Development Theory

中东变局后,阿曼政府谋求政治稳定,提升政府能力,促进经济发展,开启了多维政治变革之路。在政治结构层面,完善行政体系建设,推进政治合理化。在政治制度层面,强调政治制度化,推进法制化建设,注重国家行政体系与法律体系的结合。在政治参与层面,逐步拓宽民众政治参与范围,发挥公民决策效能,由内部治理转向民主化的"工具理性"。在政策执行层面,发展服务型行政,提升政府政策贯彻能力。在政治文化层面,增加政治理性,将宗教部门纳入政府管辖范围,淡化社会中的宗教色彩。中东变局后,阿曼面临着四重政治危机:即政治合法性危机、政治继承危机、政治整合危机和政治参与危机。

The Oman government has opened up the multidimensional path of political transformation in order to stabilize political situation,enhance government capacity and promote economic development since the Middle East Upheaval.In terms of political structure,the Oman government has improved the administrative system and promoted political rationalization.In terms of political system,the government has emphasized institutionalization and legalization of politics whilst paying attention to the combination of administrative system and legal system.In terms of political participation,the scope of public political participation has been gradually widened and the effectiveness of citizen decisionmaking has been exploited,turning from in ternal management to the'instrumental rationality'of democracy.In terms of policy implementation,the Oman government has developed the service-oriented administration system and improved the implementation capability.In terms of political culture,political rationality has been promoted and religious departments have been incorporated into the jurisdiction of the government so as to reduce religious influence in the society.Oman faces four types of crises:political legitimacy crisis,inheritance crisis,political integration crisis and political participation crisis.