准晶体及其性能研究进展

Progress in quasicrystals and their properties research

基于准晶体材料目前的研究现状,简要介绍了根据结构对称性的准晶体分类,讨论了周期模型的构建方法以及准晶体与其近似相的关系,总结了块体单准晶的制备工艺,塑性变形过程中缺陷演化,表面结构、表面性能以及其他物理性能的实验研究现状,分析讨论了采用连续介质力学方法、分子动力学模拟方法、Monte Carlo法以及有限元方法研究准晶体的途径和结果.针对准晶通常呈现的低表面能、低摩擦因数、耐磨损、优异的弥散强化特性、高硬度、高弹性模量、高温塑性、高热阻、抗氧化、高电阻和耐腐蚀等特点,展望其作为复合材料增强相、隔热涂层、耐磨减磨涂层材料等的应用前景.指出准晶体目前研究中所存在的高脆性、成品体积小和计算精度低等难题,提出了其工程应用需要进一步研究的问题.

Based on present research status of quasicrystal, the classification with structural symmetry, the construction of quasi-periodic model and the correlation between quasicrystal and its approximants were introduced briefly. The preparation technology of bulk single grian quasicrystal, defect evolution during plastic deformation, surface structure, surface property and other physical properties were summarized. Theoretical research such as continuum mechanics, atomistic simulation, Monte Carlo simulation and Finite Element Method were also discussed. The application of quasicrystal was prospected according to its physical properties including low surface energy, low friction coefficient and wear rate, excellent dispersion strengthening, high hardness and Young ＇ s Modulus, plasticity at high temperature, high thermal resistance and corrosion resistance, etc. Current limitations such as brittleness and bulk volume were pointed out, and issues which remain to be solved for further engineering applications were listed.