城市人居环境的时空分异特征及其机制研究——以辽宁省为例

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics and mechanism of urban human settlements: Case study of Liaoning province

总结城市人居环境的发展规律,探讨城市人居环境的时空分异与机制。运用熵权法测算人居环境质量,以辽宁省14市为例,研究2005-2014年其人居环境的时间过程、空间格局、系统属性以及驱动机理。结果显示:(1)时间分异特征。辽宁省10年间人居环境质量呈现波动上升趋势;表现为具有显著的阶段性特征和离散程度特征;辽宁省人居环境大致分为以沈阳和大连为主的人居环境核心区,以盘锦和鞍山为代表的人居环境过渡区,以及阜新和朝阳为代表的人居环境起步区。(2)空间分异特征。10年间辽宁省城市人居环境呈现出"屋脊"式空间结构特征,具体表现为中部向两侧逐步递减的空间结构特征,在中部"屋脊"的南北两侧呈现出大连和沈阳两个高点;而且呈现出"双核""三元"式空间分异。(3)系统分异。10年间辽宁省城市人居环境有明显的系统分异;系统时间分异,总体呈现上升趋势;系统区域分异,支撑系统、社会系统区域之间的分异较为明显,居住系统、人口系统区域之间的分异较小,环境系统区域之间的分异最小。城市社会经济发展水平、供给侧与需求侧要素以及人居环境的主体"人"是城市人居环境时空分异、系统分异的形成机理。

This paper summarizes the development law of human settlements and discusses their spatial and temporal variation characteristics and mechanism. The method of entropy weight is applied to measure and assess the quality of human settlements, in order to conduct research on the spatial and temporal variation, system properties, and the formation mechanism of development pattern of human settlements in Liaoning province （2005-2014）. The results reveal the following： （1） Temporal characteristics present a rising trend, and this trend presents four apparent periods and four degrees of dispersion distribution. Shenyang and Dalian are the core regions; Panjin, Anshan, and other cities are representative of the transitional region; and Fuxin, Chaoyang, and other cities are the representatives of the start development region. （2） In terms of spatial characteristics, human settlements in Liaoning exhibit the characteristics of ＂roof＂ type space structure over the past 10 years, with a gradual central decline to both sides, from the specific performance. On the north and south sides of the middle ＂roof＂ Dalian and Shenyang are the two high spots, while ＂dual-core＂ and ＂three-yuan＂ type spatial variations are expressed. （3） In terms of system differentiation, there is an apparent difference in human settlements in the province over the past 10 years; as for temporal differentiation, the system presents a rising trend. In terms of spatial differentiation, the support system and social system are obvious, the residential system and population system are very small, and the environmental system is the minimum. It was found that the socio-economic development level, supply side and demand side factors, the subject of human settlements and human beings were important factors influencing the spatial and temporal variations, and system differentiation of human settlements.