铁路客运视角下东北地区城市网络结构演变及组织模式探讨

Urban network structure evolution and organizational pattern in Northeast China from the perspective of railway passenger transport

"流"空间成为大数据时代人文地理学研究的重要内容之一。基于东北地区2005年、2010年及2015年铁路客运班列数据,利用社会网络分析方法,从总体规模、网络密度、城市中心性、凝聚子群等方面对东北地区城市网络结构演变进行分析,并对其空间组织模式选择进行相关探讨。结果表明:(1)铁路客运联系经历了普列主导、高铁萌芽及高铁繁荣等三个阶段,始发列车视角下城市等级体系的初级首位型分布特征明显、"一轴双核"地位相对稳固;(2)区域城市网络密度虽得到一定提升但仍处于较弱连接状态、演变进程中出现"马太效应",辽吉省际联系紧密、黑蒙(东)边缘化倾向明显;(3)城市程度中心度出现两极分化现象、高值区地域集聚特征显著,核心城市效应由极化向扩散转变、大连网络核心地位逐步确立;中介中心度高值区总体出现跃迁现象,其中哈尔滨中介效应稳固、部分核心城市的空间遮蔽范围持续缩小;(4)东北地区城市网络小团体现象明显,区域整合进程下的"四片区"格局逐步稳固,哈大轴线子群成为网络联系的核心组团;(5)基于城市个体特征及网络整体结构分析,提出东北地区的"圈层推进—轴辐拓展—组团分区"的空间组织模式。

Space of flows has become one of the important contents of human geography research in the era of big data. In this study, the evolution of urban network structure in Northeast China is analyzed from various aspects, including overall scale, network density, urban centrality and cohesive subgroup, by using Social Network Analysis （SNA） based on railway passenger transport data of 2005, 2010 and 2015 in this region, followed by the spatial organizational pattern. Research findings suggest that： （1） Railway passenger transport linkage has experienced three phases, i.e., ordinary passenger train dominating period, early high-speed railway period and high-speed railway prosperous period. Urban hierarchy system shows significant primitive city distribution from the perspective of trains from departure stations, with relatively stable ＂one axis dual-core＂ position. （2） Regional urban network density has been somewhat increased, but it is still weakly connected. ＂Matthew effect＂ can be observed in the process of network evolution. Inter-provincial relationship between Liaoning and Jilin provinces is close, with Heilongjiang province and Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region （east） obviously marginalized. （3） Urban centrality is found to have been polarized; high-value areas show a significant regional aggregation; core-city effect is changed from polarization to diffusion; the core network position of Dalian is established progressively. A transition phenomenon can be observed in areas with high betweenness centrality, of which Harbin shows a stable mediating effect, with spatial occlusion of some core cities shrinking continuously. （4） There is an evident phenomenon of small groups in the urban network in Northeast China; the ＂four-region＂ pattern is found to be gradually consolidated during regional integration process; the subgroups of Harbin-Dalian axis network have been the core groups in network linkage. （5） A spatial organizational pattern of ＂circled advancement - axial and radial extension- grouped partition＂ is put forward for Northeast China by analyzing the individual characteristics and overall network structures of cities.