哈尔滨市商业中心时空演变与空间集聚特征研究

Spatio-temporal evolution and spatial agglomeration of Harbin commercial center

商业活动是城市经济发展的核心,其空间形态与发展规律是地理学研究的重要内容。以哈尔滨市中心城区为研究区域,利用2012年、2014年、2016年的城市商业设施兴趣点(POI)数据,采用标准差椭圆分析、核密度分析、平均最邻近距离等方法,探究哈尔滨市商业中心时空演变规律与空间集聚特征。研究表明:(1)各类商业设施数量均有增加;中心城区商业设施向外扩散,且发展速度不均衡。(2)整体上,商业设施集聚程度不断增加,向城市外围蔓延;商业中心高密度区呈"面域+极核"发展,数量不断变化;商业设施的范围呈放射型面状扩张。(3)哈尔滨市中心城区商业布局呈"圈层+组团"的空间集聚状态,商业布局总体上是以中央大街商圈为中心向外扩张的;各类商业设施的集聚程度有明显变化。

The business center of a city is the main carrier of the commercial activities. Commercial geography and urban planning, amongst other disciplines, aim to study the content of a city, as well as to examine the commercial space structure, its function, level, structure and morphological changes. All of these factors are important for the scientific layout of a city and they have a direct impact on the structure of the urban space; the spatial design of different commercial formats will affect the formation of a business center. Therefore, the identification of different functional types of the commercial center in a city is important in understanding the spatial structure of a business. In this investigation, we explore the spatial-temporal evolution law and spatial concentration characteristics of the commercial center in Harbin city, China. Point of Interest （POI） data of urban commercial facilities in 2012, 2014 and 2016 is used in combination with standard deviation ellipse analysis, kernel density analysis, the average nearest neighbor distance and spatial analysis methods. Our results indicate that： （1） the number of commercial facilities has increased, the agglomeration of commercial facilities of Harbin has slightly weakened, and the pace of development is not balanced; （2） the concentration of commercial facilities has generally increased and spread to the urban periphery. The volume of high-density commercial facilities is changing and it is basically a characteristic of the ＂Region＋Polar nucleus＂; the scope of the commercial center is also a radial planar expansion; （3） commercial facilities of Harbin show the agglomeration pattern of ＂circle and group＂. Business layout takes the Center Street as the center to expand outwards and the concentration of various commercial facilities has markedly changed. Based on our results, it is evident that Harbin has significant developmental potential for businesses. It is important to obtain a clear understanding of the formats of commercial resources and the spatial aggregating features of commercial formats in a metropolis. Commercial facilities agglomeration analysis using large volumes of data is already widely used in commercial quantitative research, and significant attention has been given to the agglomeration degree recognition of commercial formats and their cluster characters. If the spatial evolution and agglomeration characteristics of commercial facilities are further understood, a reference value for business planning and macro- control of government departments could be obtained. Our results from commercial activities are also important for strategy-making processes for both governments and retailers.