高光谱遥感水文地质应用新进展

Advances in application of hyperspectral remote sensing in hydrogeology

高光谱遥感是一种利用成像光谱仪同时获取地物目标辐射、光谱和空间等多重信息遥感的技术,水文地质是高光谱遥感重要的应用领域之一,通过高光谱遥感图像分析,能够提取大区域包气带及含水系统的水文地质信息,可为水文地质环境的识别及实时监测、地下水资源高效管理、地下水数值模型构建等提供科学数据。通过调研凝练了高光谱遥感基本原理方法及其在水文地质方面的应用研究,重点总结了地下水环境污染和水文信息反演方面的高光谱遥感应用研究进展,分析了高光谱遥感水文地质应用所面临的挑战,并展望了高光谱遥感水文地质应用研究的发展趋势,主要包括:通过土壤和植被的光谱信息实现对研究区包气带土壤重金属污染状况的大面积、短周期连续快速监测;在高光谱图像中提取构造、地层岩性等地质和水文地质特征,以环境指示因子(如植被)为有效补充,获取饱和带地下水环境信息;通过高光谱图像识别植被类型、计算植被覆盖度、分析叶片反射光谱特征并建立模型反演土壤含水量和地下水位,为研究和保护缺水地区生态环境提供数据支撑。

Hyperspectral remote sensing can simultaneously get radiation information, spectral and spatial information of targets, and hydrogeology is one of important fields of application of hyperspectral remote sensing. By analyzing hyperspectral images, regional hydrogeological information of vadose zones and aquifers can be extracted, which provides scientific data support for identification and real-time monitoring of hydrogeological environments, management of groundwater resources and numerical simulations. This paper summarizes the basic principles and methods of hyperspectral remote sensing and its application in hydrogeology, especially the advances in groundwater contamination and hydrological information inversion. The potential challenges and prospects of its further development are also analyzed. The main contents include the following aspects ： （ 1 ） fast and continuous monitoring on heavy-metal pollution of the vadose zone by using spectral information of soil and vegetation in a regional scale and short-cycle frequency; （2） extracting geological and hydrogeological features from hyperspeetral images and taking environmental indicators （ such as vegetation） as effective supplements and evaluating groundwater qualities; （3） using hyperspectral images to identify vegetation types, calculate the vegetation coverage and spectral reflectances of leaves, and （4） establishing models to attain retrival of soil moisture and groundwater levels, which provide data supports for the ecological environment protection in water shortage areas.