菌根真菌是唱响生物共生交响曲的主角——菌根真菌专辑序言

Mycorrhizal fungi are the main actor of singing biological symbiosis symphony

地球上任何生物都不是单独进行生命活动和进化的,即生物之间更多的是依靠密切联合、共生互助、需求互补和共同发展。其中,陆地生态系统中的强大分解者真菌和强大生产者植物关系密切,特别是以菌根真菌(mycorrhizal fungi)为代表的植物共生真菌自始至终与植物共生,这一强-强共生联合在维持生态平衡、保存生态系统可持续生产力与生态系统综合服务功能体系中,其分布之广、作用之多、功能之强和贡献之大,可谓名副其实的生物共生体系中的主导者。近年来,中国在真菌与植物共生研究领域成绩斐然,占据世界重要地位。本期《菌物学报》"菌根真菌专刊"刊登了2篇综述和20篇研究报告。综述分别对丛枝菌根(AM)真菌在煤矿区生态修复应用研究和兰科植物与菌根真菌的营养关系进行了总结和热点论述;研究报告分别对菌物界球囊菌门AM真菌全球公认种的中文学名给予了全面规范正确的描述、对中国部分林区红桦外生菌根真菌多样性、华山松印度块菌菌根中的块菌交配型基因、AM真菌对枳吸收磷和分泌磷酸酶的影响、转Bt基因棉叶片腐熟物抑制AM真菌定殖及菌根对磷的吸收、低pH影响AM真菌丛枝发育和磷的吸收、接种AM真菌与间作对红壤上玉米和大豆种间氮素竞争的影响、AM真菌及其菌种组合对植物根结线虫病害的影响以及接种AM真菌和施加铁可协同降低水稻砷累积等方面进行了研究。本期内容基本体现了中国菌根真菌分类、物种多样性、生理学、生态学、生理生态效应与作用机制研究的最新进展,对当前和今后开展植物共生真菌的研究具有重要的引领作用。

Any living organisms on earth are not alone living and evolving, actually, which are more closely combined, mutual assistance, requirement complementary, and togetherness development in nature. Among them, there are close relationship between the powerful disintegrator fungi and powerful producer plants in terrestrial ecosystems, especially mycorrhizal fungi, as the representatives of plant symbiotic fungi, form mutual symbiosis with plants. This symbiosis joint with both strong partners is the leading actor in maintaining ecological balance, keeping sustainable ecosystem productivity, and ecology system comprehensive service functions, with wider distribution, more benefit effects, stronger function, and greater contribution. In recent years, great achievements have been made in China in the study of plant symbiotic fungi, occupying the important academic position in the world. In this issue of Mycosystema, twenty-two papers dealing with mycorrhizal fungi are presented, including two review papers and 20 original research papers. The summarizing papers focus respectively on the advance of application of arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi to ecological remediation in coal mining areas, and nutritional relationships between orchids and mycorrhizal fungi; the research papers report respectively a checklist of AM fungi in the recent taxonomic system of Glomeromycota, diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Betula albosinensis in Xinjiashan forest region of Qinling Mountains, a preliminary study on the mating type genes of Tuber indicum in inoculated seedings of Pinus armandii, effects of AM fungi on phosphorus uptake and phosphatase release in trifoliate orange seedlings, influences of low p H on the arbuscule development and phosphorus uptake of AM fungus, the composted leaves of Bt cotton inhibit AM symbiosis and phosphate uptake, effects of combined inoculation with various AM fungi on plant resistance to root-knot nematode disease in cucumber, effects of AM fungal inoculation on maize and soybean interspecific competition of N uptake on red soil under intercropping condition, and AM fungal inoculation and ferrum addition synergistically reduce arsenic accumulation in Oryza sativa, etc. The content of this special issue basically reflects the latest progress in the study of taxonomy, species diversity, physiology, ecology, physiological and ecological effects and functioning mechanism of mycorrhizal fungi in China, and provide an important leading role in the current and future study of plant-symbiotic fungi.