华山松印度块菌菌根中的块菌交配型基因的初步研究

A preliminary study on the mating type genes of Tuber indicum in inoculated seedings of Pinus armandii

印度块菌属于子囊菌门异宗配合真菌,其交配型基因(mating type gene)的表达调控与块菌子囊果的形成和发育直接相关。已有研究表明在种植园内,两种交配型基因竞争性地感染宿主植物且不同交配型菌株的时空分布吻合概率可能是决定子实体产出及产量的关键因素之一。为增加印度块菌子囊果形成的几率,本研究以交配型基因MAT1-1-1及MAT1-2-1作为分子标记,检测了接种印度块菌菌剂后6个月、24个月和36个月的华山松菌根中块菌的两种交配型基因的动态变化,结果表明接种后24个月的单株苗存在两种交配型基因的菌根苗占总菌根苗的比例最高,暗示在此时间点进行块菌菌根苗室外移栽,有望在后期提高两种交配型菌株的时空分布吻合概率,从而提高子实体产生的几率。

Tuber indicum is a heterothallic Ascomycota and the formation of fruiting bodies（truffles） is associated with fungal mating type genes（MAT）. Many studies demonstrated that truffle strains of different mating types compete each other for persistence in the same host plant and spatial and temporal distributional mating probability of strains of different mating types are one of key determinants of truffle fructification and production in plantations. In this study, we investigated the change of MAT in Pinus armandii seedling inoculated with T. indicum in 6, 24, and 36 months in greenhouse using MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 as molecular marker. The result showed that the proportion of the seedlings having two mating type genes was the highest in 24 months after inoculation, suggesting that this period might be the most appropriate time for transplantation to increase the probability of mating of the strain of different mating type and fructification of truffles.