巫山县大水田遗址针毛鼠（Niviventer fulvescens）、黄毛鼠（Rattus losea）遗骸研究初报

RESEARCH ON NIVIVENTER FULVESCENS AND RATTUS LOSEA REMAINS FROM THE DASHUITIAN SITE IN WUSHAN

重庆巫山县大水田遗址是长江三峡地区新石器时代至唐宋时期的大型古文化遗存遗址，地理坐标31°02＇21.6＂N，109°45＇14.7＂E，海拔高程162~169m。该遗址2014年考古发掘中，使用水洗法和干筛法，从新石器时代大溪文化遗存中，获得一批小型哺乳动物骨骼标本。本文对所发现的啮齿目鼠科针毛鼠（Niviventer fulvescens）、黄毛鼠（Rattas losea）标本进行初步鉴定和报道。这两种小型哺乳动物是三峡地区新石器时代考古工作中新发现的动物种类；同时，它们在中国新整个新石器时代考古中也是第一次发现。针毛鼠M3长1.30mm，宽1.27mm；齿冠舌侧有3齿尖（齿序为t1、t4和t8）、2齿沟，颊侧仅有1个齿尖（t5）；黄毛鼠m1齿冠舌侧下前边尖（a-ling）很发育，唇侧下前边尖（a-lab）微弱。针毛鼠、黄毛鼠都是我国西南山区自然植被与人居环境交错地带的常见啮齿目动物，这两种动物出现于大水田遗址新石器时代古文化遗迹中，反映它们在该地区对人与自然相互依存的生态环境，已经有很长的历史适应阶段；这两种啮齿目出现在三峡地区新石器时代文化研究中，还反映人们可能很早已开始关注这些小型哺乳动物资源的开发和利用。

The Dashuitian site in Wushan County, Chongqing Municipality, is a large ancient cultural complex in China Three Gorges, dated from the Neolithic Age to Tang Dynasty or Song Dynasty. It is located at 31°02＇21.6＂N, 109°45＇14.7＂E and 162~169m above sea level. By using means of screening and washing methods in the excavation of this site in 2014, we found a series of small mammals bone specimens from the Daxi cultural site of the Neolithic Age. We focus on identification and research on Niviventer fulvescens and Rattas losea specimens which are classified into murine, order rodentia. These two kinds of small mammals are the new found species in China Three Gorges in Neolithic Age archaeology. Meanwhile, they are the first found in whole China Neolithic Age archaeology work. Niviventer fulvescens M3 is 1.30mm in length and 1.27mm in width. On the side of crown tongue, there are three tooth tops（in order t1, t4, and t8）and two gingival sulci. On the side of cheek, there is only one tooth top（t5）. A-ling, on the side of crown tongue of Rattas losea m1, was well developed, while a-lab on the side of its lip was weakly developed. Niviventer fulvescens and Rattas losea are normal rodents in the intersected country between nature and human settlements in mountain area of Southwest China. These two kinds of animals, appeared in the Dashuitian Neolithic Age site, represent that they already have a long historical adaptive phase in the nature-human environment. The appearance of these two rodents in Neolithic in the Three Gorges Area also shows that inhabitants may had paid attention to use and exploitation of these small mammal resources.