数字叙事交流结构浅析

A Brief Analysis of Digital Narrative Communication Structure

交互叙事是利用数字媒介交互性特性展开的叙事方式。用户不但接受作者创作的叙事文本,还可以对文本作出反馈,形成新的叙事内容。与传统媒介叙事的单向交流不同,用户的参与改变了文本意义的流动路线,因此交互作品具有双向交流结构。西摩·查特曼在传统叙事"作者""作品""受众"三要素基础上细化单向叙事交流结构,指出:在真正作者和真正读者之间,还有一个详细的"叙事过程",由隐含作者、叙事者、叙事接受者和隐含读者构成,真正作者对意义阐释起主导作用。尤迪本-阿里在此基础上提出双向交流结构,明确指出数字媒介中受众身份的变化:除了接受叙事创作者的意图,还作出反应,参与意义构建,改变叙事系统,所以将交互叙事交流结构分为初始交互阶段和返回交互阶段,同时厘析叙事者和叙事接受者在叙事中受到的限制条件。交互叙事具有多线性、超文本和动态变化的特征,叙述者和叙事过程复杂。双向交流结构作为分析交互作品的一种代表性理论模型,清晰地阐释了交流过程存在的各个角色和环节,描绘完整的交互叙事过程,剖析角色受到限制的条件,为分析具体的数字交互作品提供了可行的理论框架指导,有助于交互叙事理论的进一步发展。

Interactive narrative is a narrative form based on the interactivity of the media. The user can not only accept the narrative text created by the author, but also react to the text to form new narrative content. Different from the uni-directional communication in tronditional media narrative, the user＇ s participant changes the flowing line of text meaning. As a resut, interactive narrative is characterized by bi-directional communication structure. Seymour Chatman interprets the uni-directional narrative communication structure in depth on the basis of the three traditional narrative factors ＇author＇ ＇work＇ and ＇audience＇ , pointing out that between the real author and the real reader, there is a detailed ＇narrative text＇ composed by the implied author, narrator, narrate and implied reader. The real author controls text connotation. Further, by adapting existing structure model, Udi Ben-Arie suggests bi-directional communication-narrative structure that explicits the change of audience in digital media. Besides recepting the narrative creator＇ s intention, the audience reacts to the text, takes part in meaning making and changes narrative sysem. Accordingly, the proposor divided the interactive narrative communication structure into initiating interaction phase-liP and returning interaction phase-RIP. Interactive narrative is multi-linear, hyper-textual and dynamic, while the narrator and narrative process are complicated. As a representative theory model, the Bi-directional communication structure clearly interprets every participant role and link in communication procedure,depicts the whole process of interactive narrative, dissects the restrictions for each role,which will supply practicable theory framework guidance for analysis to digital interactive work and facilitate the further research on interactive narrative theory.