论“合同目的”的规范效应

On the Normative Effect of the Purpose of Contract

合同情境中总有一些未必能还原到效果意思层面的内容,这就需要以"合同目的"作为法技术概念,在合同中体现效果意思以外的当事人动机层面的内容。借助"合同目的"的表达,可以推导出缔约阶段当事人所承担的行为义务及其合理性。在合同解释阶段,合同目的可以作为解释基准和引致规范,将外在价值判断以当事人意思的形式表现出来。而"合同目的实现型"救济模式更符合当事人的期待,并激励交易的实现。以"合同目的"为依据,可以实现从"效果意思"到"事实性意思"的规制视角转换。

What the contracting parties actually think about is always beyond the Rechsfolgewille of the declaration of will. So the concept of ＂the purpose of contract＂ is designed to describe the motive and other subjective intentions of the contracting parties. By using the expression of the purpose of contract, the duty of loyalty during the negotiation could be illuminated. And with respect to the interpretation of contracts, objective criteria of value can be introduced by the concept of ＂the purpose of contract＂ and can be hidden under the exterior of the declaration of will. Furthermore, it conforms to the contracting parties ＇expectation by asking the parties to realize their counterparty＇s purpose of contract. All in all, the starting point to observe the contract can be shifted from Rechsfolgewille to the contracting parties＇actual thought by using the technical concept of ＂the purpose of contract＂.