文人游幕与清初词坛——以词人万树为个案

Literati's Youmu and Poetic Circles in Early Qing Dynasty:Focusing on the Case of Wan Shu

清代词学的复兴与文人游幕密切相关。伴随文人游幕的踪迹,清词率先在江南得以复兴并由此传播到全国各地。在清词从江南到岭南的传承绵延中,宜兴词人万树起到了重要作用。清初重要的词学论著《词律》作于万树游幕时期,他一生填词五百余首,是其游幕生涯的真实记录。与其同时,共事于同一幕府的众多江南幕僚文人,政事之余,赋诗填词,谱曲论文,万树、吴棠祯、吕黍字、来集之等大批江南词人追随两广总督吴兴祚的宦迹从江南到福建、到广东,他们的幕府唱和直接推动了清初岭南词坛的空前繁荣,万树是清词复兴的关键人物。

The revival of the studies on the ci poetry in the Qing Dynasty is closely related with the literati＇s youmu 游幕 （ literally travelling service as aides in the office of conunanding generals ）. Along with the travels made by the literati, the ci poetry first began to enjoy a revival in the Jiangnan region （ geographically areas in the lower reaches of the Changiiang River ）, which later influenced other areas in China. In spreading the influence of the Jiangnan ci poetry on the poetic circle in the Lingnan region （ areas covering today＇s Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and Yunnan Provinces ）, the poet Wan Shu from Yixing played a key role, who wrote Cilu 词律 （ literally Rules of Ci Poetry ）, a masterpiece on the cipoetry in the Early Qing Dynasty, during his service as aide in the office of a commanding general. Altogether, he created 500 ei poems in his life, which keep a good record of his travelling services. Together with Wan Shu, a group of poets such as Wu Tangzhen, Lv Shuzi and Lai Jizhi served as aides in the office of General Wu Xingzuo and travelled with him from the Jiangnan region to Fujian and to Guangdong. After finishing their daily work, they gathered together to exchange their ideas on the creation and appreciation of ci poems. Such activities directly led to the unprecedented poetic prosperity in the Lingnan region during the Early Qing Dynasty. In this sense, Wan Shu played a pivotal role in the revival of the ei poetry in the Early Qing Dynasty.