肝硬化患者医院感染危险因素分析及中医护理对策

Analysis of Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Patients With Cirrhosis and Nursing Countermeasures of Traditional Chinese Medicine

目的探究肝硬化患者产生医院感染的危险因素,并采用中医预防及护理对策,为临床防控医院感染提供参考。方法收集2014年10月1日—2016年10月31日住院治疗的176例肝硬化患者资料,回顾性分析医院感染产生的危险因素,并总结中医预防及护理对策。结果176例肝硬化患者中有5例发生医院感染,其感染率是2.84%,感染部位主要有三种,即肺部感染、胃肠道及腹腔感染,其中,居于感染部位首位的是肺部感染3例(60%),其次为肠道感染1例(20%)和腹腔感染1例(20%)。5例感染病例均采样送细菌培养,检出4株病原菌,分别为2株的肺炎克雷伯菌(50%),1株的大肠埃希菌(25%),1株金黄色葡萄球菌(25%)。年龄≥55岁,住院时间≥30 d、侵入性操作、预防用药、肝功能评级高、合并肝炎是肝硬化患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结论针对肝硬化患者发生医院感染的危险因素,采取相应的中医预防及护理,增强身体免疫能力,可提高肝硬化患者生活质量,促进疾病恢复。

Objective To explore the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with cirrhosis, and to take preventive and nursing measures toprovide reference for the clinical prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Methods The data of 176 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis from October 1, 2014 to October 31, 2016 were collected. The risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed retrospectively, and the countermeasures of prevention and nursing were also summarized. Results There were 5 cases of nosocomial infection occurred in 176 cases of cirrhosis patients, the infection rate was 2.84%, the main infection sites had three kinds, namely, pulmonary infection, gastrointestinal and abdominal infection. Among them, the first place of infection was pulmonary infection（3 cases,60%）, followed by intestinal infection（1 case,20%） and abdominal cavity infection（1 case,20%）. 5 cases of infection were sampled for bacterial culture. 4 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including2 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae（50%）, 1 strain of Escherichia coli（25%）, and 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus（25%）. 55 years of age or older, more than 30 days hospitalization, invasive operation, prophylactic antibiotics use, the liver function rating was high, complicated hepatitis,were the risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients with cirrhosis.Conclusion According to the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with cirrhosis, we should take corresponding prevention and care of the traditional Chinese medicine to enhance the ability of body immunity,improve the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis, and promote the recovery of disease.